Electrotherapies in Veterinary Medicine: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
By Marina Rodríguez Alonso
Veterinarian | Master in Equine Physiotherapy | Brand & Product Leader Animal Health
What are electrotherapies (EPAs)?
Electrotherapies, also known as Electrophysical Agents (EPAs), encompass a broad range of therapeutic techniques that use electrical energy or other forms of electromagnetic energy to promote healing, reduce pain, and improve the overall function of tissues. These therapies are widely used in both human and veterinary medicine, offering non-invasive treatment options for various conditions. How do electrotherapies work? Electrotherapies work by applying controlled energy—whether electrical, electromagnetic, or light-based—to specific areas of the body. This energy can stimulate nerve activity, increase blood flow, reduce inflammation, and promote tissue healing. The type of energy and its application can vary depending on the specific treatment modality used. What are the common types of electrotherapies used in veterinary medicine? There are several types of electrotherapies used in veterinary practice, each with unique benefits. Here is a very brief summary of the most commonly used in veterinary medicine:
What are electrotherapies (EPAs)?
Electrotherapies, also known as Electrophysical Agents (EPAs), encompass a broad range of therapeutic techniques that use electrical energy or other forms of electromagnetic energy to promote healing, reduce pain, and improve the overall function of tissues. These therapies are widely used in both human and veterinary medicine, offering non-invasive treatment options for various conditions. How do electrotherapies work? Electrotherapies work by applying controlled energy—whether electrical, electromagnetic, or light-based—to specific areas of the body. This energy can stimulate nerve activity, increase blood flow, reduce inflammation, and promote tissue healing. The type of energy and its application can vary depending on the specific treatment modality used. What are the common types of electrotherapies used in veterinary medicine? There are several types of electrotherapies used in veterinary practice, each with unique benefits. Here is a very brief summary of the most commonly used in veterinary medicine: 
- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS):
- Purpose: Primarily used for pain relief.
- How It Works: TENS applies low-voltage electrical currents through the skin to stimulate nerves, which can block pain signals and increase the release of endorphins, the body’s natural painkillers.
- Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES):
- Purpose: Strengthens muscles and improves mobility.
- How It Works: NMES sends electrical impulses to muscles, causing them to contract. This is particularly useful for preventing muscle atrophy in animals with reduced mobility.
- Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy (PEMF):
- Purpose: Promotes bone and soft tissue healing.
- How It Works: PEMF therapy uses electromagnetic fields to enhance cellular function, improve blood flow, and promote the healing of bones and soft tissues.
- Therapeutic Ultrasound:
- Purpose: Commonly used for treating soft tissue injuries.
- How It Works: Ultrasound waves generate deep heat within tissues, improving circulation and promoting healing in muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
- High-Voltage Pulsed Current (HVPC):
- Purpose: Used for wound healing and pain management.
- How It Works: HVPC delivers high-voltage, low-frequency electrical pulses that can help reduce pain, control inflammation, and promote the healing of wounds.
- Radiofrequency Therapy:
- Purpose: Used for pain management, reducing inflammation, and promoting tissue regeneration.
- How It Works: Radiofrequency therapy delivers high-frequency electromagnetic waves that generate heat within tissues, improving circulation, reducing stiffness, and stimulating healing.
- Laser Therapy:
- Purpose: Effective for reducing pain, inflammation, and accelerating tissue repair.
- How It Works: Laser therapy uses concentrated light energy to penetrate tissues, stimulating cellular activity and promoting healing at a molecular level.
What conditions can electrotherapies treat in animals?
Electrotherapies can be used to treat a variety of conditions in animals, including:
- Chronic Pain: Electrotherapies like TENS, radiofrequency and laser therapy can help manage chronic pain conditions, such as arthritis or neuropathic pain.
- Post-Surgical Recovery: EPAs like NMES, radiofrequency, and therapeutic ultrasound can aid in recovery after surgery by promoting tissue healing and reducing pain.
- Muscle Atrophy: NMES and radiofrequency therapy are particularly useful in preventing muscle atrophy in animals that have reduced mobility due to injury or illness.
- Wound Healing: radiofrequency, laser therapy, and therapeutic ultrasound are often used to enhance wound healing, reducing the recovery time for injuries.
Are electrotherapies safe for animals?
Yes, when administered by trained veterinary professionals, electrotherapies are generally safe for animals. The treatments are non-invasive and can be tailored to the specific needs and conditions of each animal. However, it’s important to have a thorough evaluation and diagnosis from a veterinarian to ensure the appropriate therapy and dosage are used.
What are the benefits of using electrotherapies in veterinary care?
- Non-Invasive: Electrotherapies provide a non-invasive treatment option, reducing the need for surgical interventions.
- Pain Management: They offer an effective way to manage pain, often reducing the need for pain medications.
- Improved Recovery: Electrotherapies can accelerate the healing process, allowing animals to return to normal activities faster.
- Reduced Inflammation: Many electrotherapies, such as laser therapy and radiofrequency, are effective at reducing inflammation, which is beneficial for conditions like arthritis or after surgery.
Are there any side effects associated with electrotherapies?
Side effects are generally minimal when electrotherapies are used correctly. Some animals may experience mild discomfort during the treatment, but this is usually temporary. It’s important that electrotherapies are administered by a qualified professional to minimize any risks.
A brief history of electrotherapies
The use of electricity for therapeutic purposes dates back to ancient times. Early references to the use of electric fish to relieve pain have been found in ancient Egyptian texts. In the 18th century, Luigi Galvani’s experiments with frog muscles marked the beginning of the scientific study of bioelectricity.
In veterinary medicine, the adoption of electrotherapies has grown significantly over the past few decades, with modalities like radiofrequency and laser therapy gaining popularity due to their effectiveness in treating a variety of conditions. Today, these therapies are integral to many veterinary practices, especially in sports medicine and rehabilitation.
Electrotherapies offer a versatile and effective approach to managing pain, promoting healing, and improving the overall well-being of animals. With a variety of applications and a long history of use, these therapies continue to play an important role in modern veterinary medicine. If you’re considering electrotherapy for your pet, consult with a veterinarian to determine the best course of action based on your pet’s specific needs and health conditions.
IMPORTANT: Diagnosis and treatment of any animal injury or illness should always be performed by a qualified professional.
